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DHCP
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DHCP,
“Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol” This allows any device which has
changed its IP address from its last login in to be still able to connect to
the network, due to dynamic addressing. DHCP has also been advanced to allow
it to be changed while it’s connected.
DHCP also
makes life easier by simplifying administration. Due to it continuously
tracking your IP address it doesn’t require the administrator manage task
process. Which means it will save you time manually assigning IP addresses
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DNS
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DNS, “Domain
Name System” Is the system which converts any alphabetic (A, F, D, C) names
into numeric (3, 6, 4, 3) IP Addresses. When entering a URL the DNS will
convert it into numbers and dots “301.0.5.21” If we lost DNS we would have to
enter the four numbers and dots in order to be able to access the website.
You can enter
an IP address and retrieve the website you want, however this would be a
longer process and wouldn’t be recommended as DNS is trying to save you time.
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TCP/IP
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TCP/IP
“Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol” This is the language that
the computer uses to be able to gain access to the internet. It uses a range
of protocols which are designed to gain a network of networks which provides
a host for the internet.
It also has
some other functions besides getting access to the internet i.e.
acknowledgement, mapping and addressing.
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SNMP
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SNWP “Simple
Network Management Protocol” is used to monitor and manage network devices
and their functions. SNMP gives a simple language which the network devices
to relay management information. This is within the environments in the local
area network “single and multivendor”.
Its latest
version (3) has been updated with better security enhancements that
“authenticate” and encrypt “SNMP” messages.
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FTP
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FTP “File
Transfer Protocol (FTP)” This is basically a normal internet protocol, which
transmits files between multiple computers over the internet using “TCP/IP”
connections.
FTP relies on
two communication channels which is between the server and the client. These
channels are controlling the conversation and transmitting file content.
Clients will create conversations with the servers by requesting a download.
FTP allows the user to “Download, move, copy, delete, and rename files”. Most
FTP will require a login however some wont which is known as “anonymous FTP”.
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WWW
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WWW “World Wide Web” This
is the combination of all users and resources that are using Hypertext
Transfer Protocol (HTTP) on the internet.
The main function of
WWW through HTTP is that it exchanges information over the internet, due to
it being a communication model.
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OSI
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OSI “Systems
Interconnection Model” defines network communication used by systems that are
open to communication and interconnection with other systems
It characterizes the
logical network and describes how the computer can transfer different layer
protocols. This is done by being broken down into 7 subcomponents or layers
in which each represent a collection of services.
(above and below it)
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Proxy Server /
Address
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Proxy Servers
can give your network a dramatic improved performance change. The reason for
this is that it saves your history (requests).
To best
explain this, the server is trying to save you time waiting for the same page
to load for a different user. Usually a proxy server will be on the same
network so if someone has already been on the site you want to view you, the
execution time of the site will be much quicker as the process has been
shortened.
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Users:
The Internet is full of a variety of skilled and non-skilled
users that use similar sites. Experts are usually people that have either been
trained or had the experience of using the website for a good amount of time.
These users are smaller in number but can contribute well in the online
community. Regular users will be the majority in some cases as they use it
often but they don’t have too much knowledge to make them an expert, however
you could become an expert through time.
Users that use a server occasionally or novice will lack
understanding about how the site works or behaves. Servers are creating new
ways in order to help beginners or occasional user’s serf their site with ease.
An example would be to have a bar which shows all the important pages that the
user would want/need. Every new site will begin with novice users, which is why
sites see making their sites easy to use very important. Unless it’s a newer
server version used by regulars and experts. This is why sites like Wiki show
how long a person has been using this site for, to see if they are a
professional or student and if they are reliable in their answers.
Every site will have a majority of one user type. And for
which they can focus on their target audience. Expert sites/servers won’t
require any instructions, new and occasional users will need instructions or
guides to help them in some areas around the server.
Teachers will have sites such as Moodle and MyMaths that give
more availability for them to use, for which the students can’t access. This
can help teachers send and receive work back from students much more quickly
and professionally. It can also help find plagiarism which would have been an
extra check if it wasn’t provided. Teachers can view work submitted and give
grades and comments. It’s useful to have education and work users as it’s a
large audience that a site should want.
Users may also have issues involving flashing lights, bright
screens/images and colours. Sites have to think about all their audiences. So
they have to keep the page pretty but also functional for these users. Colour
schemes are used to make the site look nice, remember-able but also to help
people who are colour blind able to read and see the site easily. (Or they
could add a colour blind setting choice). Sites that have too much animation or
flashing lights on its page can be very harmful for some people and must be
considered when designing a site.
One of the biggest mistakes a site can do is when an Arthur
writes their own opinion that can be seen as offensive to an audience. When
talking about culture or religion, even in your own opinion, text must be
written in a way which it doesn’t offend or else the site could be removed.
Many sites overlook this and don’t proof read their text. The world is changing
with its views and opinions. Sites need to keep up with the latest generation
and how people see things, especially the smaller portion of your sites
users.
Site Analysis:
The site can have a variety of different purposes including
communication or commercial studies. Communication is a big thing for most
sites even in the smallest of ways which involve clicking “Hello”. Depending on
the sites purpose the more availability the site will offer related to that
section.
Real-time information is usually very important as its
happening right now. An example is the news. The news has to be live in order
to give updates about the weather, crimes and the world etc. Many people could
be using this for other reasons such as a live satnav or watching Uber App, for
which you can see how far your driver is away. Every site will have some sort
of commercial product involved due to it paying the owner of the site and to
add reference to the site (PC World showing ads for computers).
One of the many sites found online is based on education.
Kids, students, teachers might require these sites to help revise, study, or
prepare for a quiz. The main purpose for this site is to help educate individuals.
MyMaths helps students answer questions that the teacher can easily access. Entertainment
is also another big thing online which people use to watch or play for fun. An
example is YouTube or Twitch. These sites give users the chance to choose what
they want to watch for fun. These sites also link in with a bit of
communication with the comment section but also how the videos talk to the
viewers.
Some sites offer a download/upload point depending on the
sites functionality. If it contains videos, text, files, music it will usually
offer the chance for them to be downloaded. Sites will usually have only one
way of downloading the file, for which will have to be converted somewhere else
if need be. Places like YouTube offer you to download and upload videos of your
choice (Except copyright files) as a way to be part of the community and let
people see the work the user produced.
Every site will have its own purposes and objectives to meet.
An example: a site focusing on communication would require to keep you with the
latest designs, keyboard features and new ways to communicate to other people.
For example how Facebook uses messenger as a more private way to chat. Sites
must meet the minimum requirements or another site will take its place. When
designing the site many things are considered; colour scheme, format, font,
images, layout, design etc. For communication the focus would be the design and
the availability of the communication itself.
I would assume the design process would involve:
Format > Basic functions > Text > Images > Colour
Scheme > Big Functions > Security > Polish
Many sites a crammed with information and can be too much at
times. This is why most of them use hypermedia links allowing you to view
videos and images saving text and space. When formatting a site usually it will
have a title at the top next to a navbar. Underneath will have the homepage of
some of the products shown (for entertainment it would show videos etc.) with
the usual Authors name and website details Websites tend to have search bars
that help you navigate through the site a lot better. But only some have
keywords that users will type and similar items will popup. An example is
typing “laptop” in pc world.
The sites will more than likely have audio/video being played
which would be needed if you want to hear someone talk about the item. The
video would be useless with no audio as you might as well write the
information. Animations aren’t a big thing in some sites however they are still
found even in the smallest of places, i.e. a button effect. It gives the site
that little bit more of a live feeling.
Accessibility:
Sites require alternative text for different languages if the
user needs it translating. The site would be useless if the user is unable to
read the text and could lose a big portion of people. Most sites will include
images for which need to have some reference related to them, either with text
beside or underneath. If the image isn’t explained it can look very
unprofessional. It can also cause problems with understanding text if the image
isn’t understandable
Some fonts can be unreadable for people which makes it very
useful if the text is resizable and changeable. An example is the handwritten
font which can look nice but hard to read. Sites need to have some sort of
support for readers that can have difficulties reading or viewing the page. It’s
said that the font size should be 14-18 for it to be reasonable for most
people. If the selected font is lower the higher the chance someone won’t be
able to read the site, losing you consumers.
Every site has some sort of law protecting it. These are
usually found by reading the “Terms of use” and “Copyright // All rights
reserved” for which protects the site from people stealing code or any of the
media provided.
Discrimination can be a problem for some sites if they don’t
take care and proof read their information and written text. Wording a sentence
the wrong way could lead to a can of worms and can be very serious, to the
point it could lead to court and the removal of the site. Websites are global
for which means anyone can view it. Everyone is different so saying things in
the right way is very important.
When you give a company your personal information you are
giving them your trust in keeping every safe. Data protection is used by
organisations and businesses. They are responsible of keeping is lawfully,
transparent and fairly. These are strict rules which can make a business go
under if they get it wrong.
Guidelines are given to users to give them a general rule of
processing based on the best practices. These do not need to be followed by the
book but is essential that the user has an understanding of what basic line to
follow. Standards are a little different and are mandatory actions that you
must follow. This is a difficult and time consuming process, but is needed so
that the company can indicate the user behaviour. This is compulsory and is
only effective if it is enforced by everyone involved.
E-Commerce regulations
were established in 2002 and gave legal rules which means that any online shop
or service provider must comply when a consumer is in the “27 member countries
of the EU. This is available for the
consumer which can be reproduced and stored if need be.
W3C Validation is an action which searches for any code
mistakes i.e. some html code being in the wrong place or adding in a capital
letter or a space which can cause a big problem. This locates the problem
within the code for then to be solved when able. The code might look like its
working however simple problems like; doesn’t work well on other browsers,
displays incorrectly, the majority of browsers don’t work, ranked badly, very
slow process time.
Functionality:
When shopping online, you will more than likely want to buy
more than one item. This requires you to have a list of items you want at once.
Every shop will have a shopping cart which stores your items until you click
purchase. Without this you wouldn’t be able to order multiple items at once. When
purchasing something online, you will have to create an account with the site.
This account will require your details, including: phone number, address,
postcode, credential information. Every site is similar in this way with some
slight differences which include format and design. Without a profile you would
be required to enter all your details in every time you purchase.
When your ordering online you may want to save it for later
(reserve order). This is useful if you wanted to check something online to see
if it was available before you purchased the following day. Many people you
shop online are browsing and don’t necessarily have money in their bank
accounts.
WCMS is a utilization of CMS (content management system).
It’s a set of instructions/tools that helps provide the app with digital
information with little to no knowledge of web programming or scripting.
When you view a site, data is taken and remembered. This is
then used to help provide suitable items/products that you might be interested
due to last thing you bought or viewed. Cookies can be removed manually however
sites like amazon will show you your past viewed items and items suitable to
your past purchases.
Web content management involves people overseeing the content
presented on the site. It could also be about editing and updating the content.
The main purpose of this role is to keep the site looking fresh and appealing.
Without this the site would look outdated and not informative enough. An
example is Black Friday. The site would need to show it’s updated and that’s it’s
changed for the event, similar to Christmas or Halloween. The items or design
would show different stuff each event to make it suitable for buyers.
When a website is being created the developers must choose
what type of scripting languages it wants to use. Every language has its own
advantage and disadvantage related to; time management, design, difficulty etc.
Some web apps require high processing times, such as; Twitch as it’s got a
real-time aspect involved. Most of the videos on Twitch are being streamed
live, however you are still able to watch old streams.
Security:
The internet is vulnerable to attack and needs security to
defend itself from hackers and protect its user’s identities and information.
Many sites such as Amazon and Very will ask for your credential information and
address for simple buying solution. The site is responsible for insuring that
the user’s details are safe from attacks. If the site had no security for
users, people would likely sue the company and never buy again. In result
losing buyers and money.
The site itself will need security as the company could lose
thousands. It would also make everything on the site vulnerable, i.e. attackers
could focus on user accounts, or even break the site by deleting code or
ordering too many items which could cause problems with the delivery company.
Every site should have a “Terms of use” in order for users to
understand what they can do lawfully involving the game, I.e. not breaking the
copyright laws. This is very important for both the company and user and the
company needs to show that they have copyrighted their work and are giving the
user access. (This helps in court). This is good for users as if they are
curious about using the site and aren’t sure if they would be breaking the
terms of use, they can find out.
Sites can give people different access to their site
depending on their role, rank, status and experience. The server team can grant
and revoke access to anyone for different reasons. The majority of the time
servers give access to experts and regular users, revoking only takes place if
the user is breaking the terms of use or has stopped using the site for a long
period of time.
Every server will have some sort of restriction on your
account. These restrictions can vary depending on the user and the site itself.
The server team will have high accessibility with changing the heart of the
site. Regular users will have much more restrictions related to being able to
change the site itself, but should be able to change the sites information,
i.e. wiki allows text to be changed but not able to edit the sites format or
design etc.
System monitoring is when someone monitors the condition of
system. This includes knowing the system resource percentage, knowing who’s
logged on and what’s being run. This helps you solve problems before they get
worst and hopefully before they arise. Doing regular monitoring keeps the app
protected and safe. This results in less maintenance. Security is a very
important section to think about for anything on the internet especially web
apps. Without security the apps are vulnerable to attack. People want to feel
safe on the app they are using and so without it, results into no customers.
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